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<title>Cohn-Extraktion</title>

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cohn-Extraktion</span></h1>

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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Die <b>Cohn-Extraktion</b>, synonym <i>Cohn-Fraktionierung</i>, ist eine <a href="Extraktion_(Verfahrenstechnik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraktion (Verfahrenstechnik)">Extraktion</a> von <a href="Albumine" title="Albumine">Albuminen</a> aus <a href="Blutplasma" title="Blutplasma">Blutplasma</a>, die von dem US-amerikanischen Biochemiker <a href="Edwin_J._Cohn" title="Edwin J. Cohn">Edwin J. Cohn</a> (1892–1953) entwickelt wurde.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>

<p>Die Cohn-Extraktion ist eine Form der <a href="Plasmafraktionierung" title="Plasmafraktionierung">Plasmafraktionierung</a> und besteht aus seriellen <a href="F%C3%A4llung" title="Fällung">Fällungen</a> mit steigenden <a href="Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a>-Konzentrationen und sinkendem <a href="PH-Wert" title="PH-Wert">pH-Wert</a> und sinkender Temperatur. Die <a href="Niederschlag" title="Niederschlag">Niederschläge</a> entsprechen den Cohn-Fraktionen. Die dabei aufgereinigten Albumine behalten ihre <a href="Biologische_Aktivit%C3%A4t" title="Biologische Aktivität">biologische Aktivität</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die per Cohn-Extraktion <a href="Proteinreinigung" title="Proteinreinigung">gereinigten</a> Albumine wurden nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg als Ersatz für <a href="Blutplasma" title="Blutplasma">Blutplasma</a> verwendet. Weiterhin wird durch die Cohn-Extraktion aus Rinderblut <a href="Bovines_Serumalbumin" title="Bovines Serumalbumin">bovines Serumalbumin</a> gereinigt.

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<th>Fraktion I

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<th>Fraktion II

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<th>Fraktion III

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<th>Fraktion IV

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<th>Fraktion V

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<td>Ethanol-Volumenanteil (%)

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<td>8

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<td>25

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<td>18

</td>

<td>40

</td>

<td>40

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<td>pH-Wert

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<td>7,2

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<td>6,9

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<td>5,2

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<td>5,8

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<td>4,8

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<td>Temperatur (°C)

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<td>−3

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<td>−5

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<td>−5

</td>

<td>−5

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<td>−5

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<td>Proteinfraktion (%)

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<td>5,1

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<td>3

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<td>3

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<td>3

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<td>1

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<td>Enthaltene Proteine

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<td><a href="Fibrinogen" title="Fibrinogen">Fibrinogen</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<td><a href="Immunglobuline" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunglobuline">Immunglobuline</a><sup id="cite_ref-Liu_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<td><a href="Mannose-bindendes_Lektin" title="Mannose-bindendes Lektin">Mannan-bindendes Lektin</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kilpatrick_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kilpatrick-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> Serum-Amyloid P<sup id="cite_ref-Kilpatrick_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kilpatrick-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> Immunglobuline<sup id="cite_ref-Liu_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> Transcobalamin II<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<td><a href="Protein_C" title="Protein C">Protein C</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> <a href="%CE%911-Antitrypsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Α1-Antitrypsin">α1-Antitrypsin</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> α2-Macroglobulin<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<td><a href="Albumin" class="mw-redirect" title="Albumin">Albumine</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2></div>

<p>Die Cohn-Extraktion wurde 1946 von Edwin J. Cohn und L. E. Strong publiziert.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Später wurde aus dem <a href="Chargenprozess" title="Chargenprozess">Chargenprozess</a> (synonym Batch-Verfahren) ein <a href="Kontinuierlicher_Prozess" title="Kontinuierlicher Prozess">kontinuierliches Verfahren</a> entwickelt.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Douglas Surgenor: <i>Edwin J. Cohn and the Development of Protein Chemistry.</i> In: <i>The Center for Blood Research & Harvard Medical School</i>, Center for Blood Research, 2002. ISBN 978-0-674-00962-2.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. D. Hamm, D. Steube, H. Pothe, R. Beer: <i>Experimental studies in animals on the use of a fibrin glue from the human plasma fraction Cohn I in nerve reconstruction.</i> In: <i>Folia haematologica.</i> Band 115, Nummer 1–2, 1988, S. 208–212, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2459022?dopt=Abstract">PMID 2459022</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-Liu-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Liu_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Liu_3-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Z. Liu, P. V. Gurgel, R. G. Carbonell: <i>Purification of human immunoglobulins A, G and M from Cohn fraction II/III by small peptide affinity chromatography.</i> In: <i>Journal of chromatography. A.</i> Band 1262, November 2012, S. 169–179, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.026" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.026">doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.026</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23026261?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23026261</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-Kilpatrick-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kilpatrick_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kilpatrick_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">D. C. Kilpatrick: <i>Isolation of human mannan binding lectin, serum amyloid P component and related factors from Cohn fraction III.</i> In: <i>Transfusion medicine.</i> Band 7, Nummer 4, Dezember 1997, S. 289–294, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9510927?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9510927</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. V. Quadros, S. P. Rothenberg, Y. C. Pan, S. Stein: <i>Purification and molecular characterization of human transcobalamin II.</i> In: <i><a href="Journal_of_Biological_Chemistry" title="Journal of Biological Chemistry">Journal of Biological Chemistry</a>.</i> Band 261, Nummer 33, November 1986, S. 15455–15460, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3782074?dopt=Abstract">PMID 3782074</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Rezania, D. G. Ahn, K. A. Kang: <i>Separation of protein C from Cohn Fraction IV-1 by mini-antibody.</i> In: <i><a href="Advances_in_Experimental_Medicine_and_Biology" title="Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology">Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology</a>.</i> Band 599, 2007, S. 125–131, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17727256?dopt=Abstract">PMID 17727256</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Huangfu, J. Zhang, Y. Ma, J. Jia, J. Li, M. Lv, X. Ma, X. Zhao, J. Zhang: <i>Large-scale purification of high purity α1-antitrypsin from Cohn Fraction IV with virus inactivation by solvent/detergent and dry-heat treatment.</i> In: <i>Biotechnology and applied biochemistry.</i> Band 65, Nummer 3, Mai 2018, S. 446–454, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.1623" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1002/bab.1623">doi:10.1002/bab.1623</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29072333?dopt=Abstract">PMID 29072333</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Huangfu, Y. Ma, M. Lv, J. Jia, X. Zhao, J. Zhang: <i>Purification of α2-macroglobulin from Cohn Fraction IV by immobilized metal affinity chromatography: A promising method for the better utilization of plasma.</i> In: <i><a href="Journal_of_Chromatography_B" title="Journal of Chromatography B">Journal of Chromatography B</a>.</i> Band 1025, Juli 2016, S. 68–75, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.013" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.013">doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.013</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27214605?dopt=Abstract">PMID 27214605</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Tanaka, E. M. Shigueoka, E. Sawatani, G. A. Dias, F. Arashiro, T. C. Campos, H. C. Nakao: <i>Purification of human albumin by the combination of the method of Cohn with liquid chromatography.</i> In: <i>Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas.</i> Band 31, Nummer 11, November 1998, S. 1383–1388, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9921272?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9921272</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. J. Cohn, L. E. Strong: <i>Preparation and properties of serum and plasma proteins; a system for the separation into fractions of the protein and lipoprotein components of biological tissues and fluids.</i> In: <i><a href="Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" title="Journal of the American Chemical Society">Journal of the American Chemical Society</a>.</i> Band 68, März 1946, S. 459–475, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21015743?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21015743</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. R. Foster: <i>The manufacture of blood plasma products in Scotland: a brief history.</i> In: <i>Scottish medical journal.</i> Band 61, Nummer 1, Februar 2016, S. 34–41, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0036933015619311" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1177/0036933015619311">doi:10.1177/0036933015619311</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26610795?dopt=Abstract">PMID 26610795</a>.</span>

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